The war waged by the Balkanallies against the Ottoman Empire ended with many issues unresolved. In early 1913, operations on the Epirus front had ground to a halt, and the Hellenic Army was endeavouring to liberate Ioannina.
In mid-January 1913, the Hellenic forces in Epirus were encountering difficult conditions. The Commander-in-Chief, Crown Prince Constantine, who assumed command of the Army of Epirus in the middle of the same month, took a series of measures that aimed to improve the men's living conditions and nutrition, thus raising their morale and increasing their fighting ability, which had been considerably reduced. He also improved the flow of supplies to units at the front by utilising all available means of transport behind the lines, and put into operation a new plan for the capture of Ioannina. February 19th marked the beginning of the end, with a whole day of artillery fire. After many months of struggle, the much-anticipated liberation would be achieved by force and not by negotiation. On 21 February 1913, the Hellenic Army entered Ioannina.
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